IZWILEN ATRAREN

Neqqar izwilen atraren i yizwilen i nesseqdac deg tuddert akki nneɣ n yal ass: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 d 9. Izwilen-a qqaren-asen iṛupiyen (iṛumyen) izwilen iɛṛaben ɣer ass-a, imi imezwura-nsen lemdenten deg yidlisen n tusnakin i yuran imusnawen-nneɣ s tutlayt taɛrabt.

Ma a newali s telqayt ɣer umezruy n tusnakin ad naf akken izwilen-a d IZWILEN IMAZIƔEN, imi d imusnawen imaziɣen i t-id isnulfan, acu kan di lawan-nni llan tarun s tutlayt taɛrabt. Ɣer ass-a, di tmura tiɛrabin seqdacen izwilen ihendiyen - iɛṛaben ( ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩ ).

Deg tfelwit 1, id nedem deg udlis: Histoire universelle des chiffres, n umezruy n yizwilen deg umaḍal, ad naf akken yak idlisen id uran imusnawen n Lmecṛeq (anda llan iɛraben) sqedcen deg-sen izwilen ihendiyen - iɛṛaben. Akken netwali ulac yak lateṛ n yizwilen atraren.

Ma a n-muqel tafelwit 2, id nedem deg udlis-a n umezruy n yizwilen deg umaḍal, ad naf akken d imusnawen imaziɣen n Tefriqt ugafa id isnulfan izwilen-a atraren. Nettwali daɣen akken izwilen-a snulfaten-id seg izwilen ihendiyen.

A nuɣal tura ɣer umezruy akken a newali amek iṛuhen izwilen-a imaziɣen ɣer Tuṛupt (tamurt iṛumyen). Amusnaw aṛumi amenzu isqedcen izwilen imaziɣen d Gerbert d’Aurillac (illul di Spanya) ittwasen s-isem n upappaṣ Sylvestre II, ilmed tusnakin n yimusnawen imaziɣen imi illa di Lakaṭalun (Spanya) di timiḍi tis 9. Amusnaw aṛumi wis sin isqedcen izwilen imaziɣen di Tuṛupt d Léonardo Fibonacci (illul di Ṭṭlayen), imi ilmed tusnakin di Bgayet [2].

Ih, uriɣ-d akken amusnaw aṭalyani Léonardo Fibonacci yelmed tusnakin di Bgayet ɣer iselmaden imaziɣen di timiḍi tis 12, rnu ayen akka id uriɣ d netta i t-yuran deg udlis-is: Liber abbaci.

Gerbert d’Aurillac (neɣ apappaṣ Sylvestre wis 2) yura-d aṭas n yidlisen am:  Libellus de numerorum divisione, Regulae de divisionibus, Libellus multiplicationum … anda isseqdec izwilen imaziɣen di timiḍi tis 10, acu kan imi ur illa ara ittwasen am yiwen seg imusnawen imeqqranen n Tuṛupt, iṛumyen qqimen seqdacen izwilen iṛumiyen (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X ...).

Léonardo Fibonacci isseqdec izwilen imaziɣen deg udlis-is: Liber abbaci (Adlis n leḥsab) id ifɣen di 1202. D adlis-a i yerran yak imusnawen iṛumyen seqdacen izwilen imaziɣen i nuɣal nessegdac ass-a.

Sabiḥ At Yeḥya

[1]       Georges Ifrah, Histoire universelle des chiffres, Éditions Robert Laffont, Paris1994.

[2]       http://www.mcs.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibBio.html, Site Internet de Ron Knott, University of Surrey, Grande-Bretagne.